SBANC
Newsletter
June
27, 2006
Issue 427-2006
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QUOTE
"Opportunity
is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls
and looks like work."
-- Thomas
Edison
|
FEATURE
PAPER
Differences
in Reported Firm Performance by Gender: Does Industry Matter?
The
following paper was presented at the 2006 USASBE/SBI Joint Conference
in Tucson, Arizona. It was written by Jane Swinney of Oklahoma
State University and Rodney Runyan of University of South Carolina.
Abstract
Data
from small firm entrepreneurs in retail and services businesses
indicate performance ratings
are impacted by gender and its interaction with education but
not by educational level alone.
Patterns of performance reporting reveal males with lower levels
of education reporting higher
levels of firm performance while females with higher levels of
education report high firm
performance. When classified as a female-owner dominant business
type or a male-owner
dominant business type results vary. The pattern of performance
reporting between the genders is
a fruitful avenue for future small business entrepreneurial research
for entrepreneurial educators
and small business consultants.
Introduction
Small businesses operating
in the same industry perform differently when owned by a female
than those owned by a male and it has been suggested that the difference in performance
may be
due to individual differences brought to the small business, or differences in
industry sector. The
research reported here is the first known to examine firm performance within
an industry by
gender. Many studies have found women-owned businesses do not report as high
a performance
score as male-owned businesses. The purpose of this research is to extend gender-based
research
on business performance through an examination of firm performance in retail
and service
industries where more than 80% of female entrepreneurs operate.
The guiding research question was whether performance of firms operating in the
retail and
services industries would be significantly different when owned by females and
when owned by
males. Women entrepreneurs are heavily concentrated in the retail and service
industries. Our
focus on these two industries indicated that self reported performance of the
firm by the owner
varied by educational level and gender within gender dominated business types.
What emerged
as interesting was the pattern of reported firm performance between the genders.
In femaleowner
dominated businesses males with a high school education reported the highest
performance scores and females with a graduate degree reported the lowest performance
scores.
In male-owner dominated businesses females with some college or a graduate degree
rated firm
performance highest. These patterns of reporting between the genders merits further
investigation. The contribution of the present research is to broaden the information
on
entrepreneurial differences between males and females. It is necessary to recognize
that gender
and education together impact self-reported firm performance. Aspiring female
entrepreneurs
need to be encouraged to complete higher education as it translates into strong
future business
performance.
Read
the Entire Paper...
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CONFERENCES
AMA
|
| Who: |
Atlantic
Marketing Association
|
| What: |
Annual
Meeting
|
| Where: |
Francis
Marion Hotel in Charelston, South Carolina, USA |
| When: |
September
27-30, 2006 |
|
|
|
SBI
|
| Who: |
Small
Business Institute
|
| What: |
Mid
Year Meeting
|
| Where: |
Louisville,
Kentucky, USA |
| When: |
October
12-15, 2006 |
|
|
|
BI
|
| Who: |
Barcoding
Inc.
|
| What: |
The
Future of Barcoding and RFID Conference and Exhibition
|
| Where: |
Boston,
Massachusetts, USA |
| When: |
November
14, 2006 |
|
|
|
AGB
|
| Who: |
Association
for Global Business
|
| What: |
18th
International Conference
|
| Where: |
Hyatt
Regency, Newport Beach, California, USA |
| When: |
November
16 - 19, 2006 |
|
|
|
ABEAI
|
| Who: |
Applied
Business and Entrepreneurship Association International
|
| What: |
Annual
Meeting
|
| Where: |
Marriott
Waikoloa Beach Resort, Kona, Hawaii, USA |
| When: |
November
16-20, 2006 |
|
|
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CALLS FOR PAPERS
ABEAI
|
| Who: |
Applied
Business and Entrepreneurship Association International
|
| What: |
Annual
Meeting
|
| Where: |
Marriott
Waikoloa Beach Resort, Kona, Hawaii, USA |
| When: |
November
16-20, 2006 |
Submission
Deadline:
August 15, 2006
|
|
|
|
USASBE
|
| Who: |
United
States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship
|
| What: |
2007
USASBE Conference
|
| Where: |
Disney's
Coronado Springs Resort in Orlando, Florida |
| When: |
January
11-14, 20076 |
Submission
Deadline:
August 15, 2006
|
|
|
|
AA
|
| Who: |
Allied
Academies
|
| What: |
2006
Fall International Conference
|
| Where: |
Atlantis
Casino Resort & Spa, Reno, Nevada, USA |
| When: |
October
19-21, 2006 |
Submission
Deadline:
September 11, 2006
|
|
|
|
WDSI
|
| Who: |
Western
Decision Sciences Institute |
| What: |
36th
Annual Meeting
|
| Where: |
Denver,
Colorado, USA |
| When: |
April
3-7, 2007 |
Submission
Deadline:
October 1, 2006
|
|
|
|
RCC
|
| Who: |
Rollins
China Center |
| What: |
The
Globalization of Chinese Enterprises: The Advent
of a New Age
|
| Where: |
Rollins
College in Winter Park, Florida, USA |
| When: |
November
30-December 1, 2006 |
Submission
Deadline:
October 15, 2006
|
|
|
|
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TIP
OF THE WEEK
Methods for
Building Goals
A good way
to begin setting goals for your business is with sales and marketing
goals. The first stage is goal-based on the bare minimum dollar
value of sales your business must reach to break even based on
expenses you have researched and expect to incur. Once you have
completed those calculations based on expenses, you can compare
your "must reach" break-even sales level with demographic studies
to determine if the target has enough demand. The Market Analysis
and Opportunity section later in Part 2 discusses demographics
further.
Using
the same strategy, you can set your next goal to earn a specific
Return on Investment (ROI) by a certain date, you can test it
by comparing your required profit to your projected sales. An
example would be if you used $10,000 of your own money to start
the business and you want to earn a 20% return on that investment.
This means you would have to break even plus earn a $2,000 profit.
Again, you can compare this projected sales volume to the demographics
to determine if the market has sufficient demand.
You
can take this approach and use varying expense amounts based
on different locations, different capital requirements based
on those different locations, and varying returns on investment.
By doing projections this way, you are able to compare various
locations and return on investment requirements that you have
established as goals. Instead of trying to set an arbitrary sales
figure, you can set concrete goals and then determine if the
market can support those goals.
The most sophisticated type of technology employed in a small business is usually a computer or computer software. Other technologies listed are often computer-driven or computers are otherwise intimately involved in their functioning. The enormous range of the named most sophisticated type of technology runs from nuclear cameras on one end to TurboTax software on the other.
In preparing
these projections by month and for future years, also consider
any seasonal fluctuations in sales, the effect of inflation on
your expenses and sales prices, and any debt repayment you might
have on borrowed money.
If you have an existing
business, these projections are a little easier to prepare.
You can base your expense projections on actual expenses your
company has incurred,
rather than on researched estimates, and you can base your sales
goals on past sales growth performance. You can use the same
techniques as
a new business if you want to set specific return-on-capital
requirements for your existing business. Instead of comparing
these goals with demographics,
you can compare them with past performance to see if they are realistic.
| Jill
E. Kapron, Jim Reidel, & JIAN Tools for Sales, Inc. BizPlanBuilder
Express: A Guide to Creating a Business Plan with BizPlanBuilder10
Business Poll.
Thomson-Southwestern. Page 43. |
ANNOUNCEMENTS
14th IBAM Conference
in Memphis
The Institute of Behavioral and Applied Management (IBAM) provides a forum for management educators, business practitioners, and students to share their ideas, research, and experiences in a friendly and supportive environment. These adjectives and others like "constructive" are typical of comments made by participants of IBAM conferences. Session discussions are lively, informative, stimulating, broad-based, and helpful to presenters and participants alike.
This year's
conference will be held in Memphis, Tennessee. It is at the Marriot
Downtown. The conference takes place October 5 - 7, 2006. So
make reservations now. You can find out more by going to the
IBAM Website.
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The
SBANC Newsletter is provided as a service to the members of our
affiliates: Academy of Collegiate Marketing Educators (ACME), Association
for Small Business & Entrepreneurship (ASBE), Federation of
Business Disciplines (FBD), International Council for Small Business
(ICSB), Institute for Supply Management (ISM), The International
Small Business Congress (ISBC), Marketing Management Association
(MMA), Small Business Administration (SBA), Service Corps of Retired
Executives (SCORE), Small Business Institute (SBI), Society for
Marketing Advances (SMA), United States Association for Small Business & Entrepreneurship
(USASBE), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).. If you are
interested in membership or would like further information on one
of our affiliates, please see our web site at http://www.sbaer.uca.edu
SBANC STAFF
Main Office Phone: (501) 450-5300
Dr.
Don B. Bradley III, Executive Director of SBANC & Professor
of Marketing;
Direct Phone: (501) 450-5345
Brandon
Tabor, Development Intern
Tyler
Farrar, Development Intern
Garion
McCoy, Development Intern
To subscribe or unsubscribe to the
SBANC Newsletter, please E-mail SBANC at sbanc@uca.edu
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